Stage 3 in Kohlberg's theory is characterized by which orientation?

• A. Interpersonal accord and conformity (the good boy/good girl attitude)
• B. Authority and social-order maintaining orientation
• C. Social contract orientation
• D. Universal ethical principles

Answer: (A)

Stage 3 centers on gaining social approval by conforming to the expectations of others and being seen as a good person by those around you. This is the good boy/good girl orientation, where moral reasoning focuses on maintaining relationships, being cooperative, and acting in ways that please others to keep harmony and trust. It sits in the conventional level, where doing the right thing means fitting in with social norms and earning approval.

In contrast, higher stages move beyond seeking approval: Stage 4 emphasizes obeying authority and maintaining social order; Stage 5 treats morality as a social contract and flexible with rights; Stage 6 appeals to universal ethical principles.