Which approach best supports Piaget's view of moving from concrete to formal operational thinking in older elementary and middle school students?

• A. Provide abstract reasoning tasks and hypothetical scenarios; encourage planning and testing ideas; gradually increase complexity.
• B. Rely solely on memorization of facts; avoid confusing tasks.
• C. Delay abstract tasks until high school; only concrete tasks.
• D. Use only computer-based drills with feedback.

Answer: (B)