Which item is associated with instructor-led learning, as opposed to student-centered?

• A. Receiving Information
• B. Individual Courses
• C. Facts
• D. Passing the Test

Answer: (C)

Instructor-led learning centers on the teacher delivering information and guiding students through established content. That setup often emphasizes facts—concrete pieces of information the instructor presents for students to memorize and recall. In student-centered learning, the focus shifts to students actively constructing knowledge through inquiry, problem solving, and collaboration, rather than simply receiving information.

Among the options, facts best signal a teacher-led approach because they represent the kind of content typically taught directly by the instructor. Other options point to formats, processes, or outcomes rather than the instructional style: individual courses describe a delivery format; receiving information is a process that can occur in any mode; and passing the test is an assessment result. So facts is the best fit for instructor-led learning.